Effect of hip neuromuscular training on anterior cruciate ligament injury risk for female soccer players / 中国康复理论与实践

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of hip neuromuscular training on reducing the risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in female soccer players. MethodsFrom March to May, 2022, 39 female soccer players from Xi'an Physical Education University were randomly divided into control group (n = 19) and experimental group (n = 20). On the basis of daily training, the control group received sham intervention, and the experimental group received hip neuromuscular training, for six weeks. Before and after training, they were measured dynamic knee valgus (DKV) angle and assessed with Landing Error Score System (LESS); while they were also measured the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) and root mean square (RMS) of electromyography as single leg landing of gluteus medius and gluteus maximus. ResultsAll the indexes varied little after training in the control group (|t| < 1.178, P > 0.05), while the indexes improved in the experimental group (|t| > 2.288, P < 0.05), except sagittal score of LESS; and all the indexes improved more in the experimental group than in the control group (|t| > 2.609, P < 0.05), except sagittal score of LESS and MVIC of gluteus maximus. ConclusionHip neuromuscular training can reduce the risk of ACL injury in female soccer players.

Programa preventivo de lesión de ligamento cruzado anterior en fútbol femenino durante períodos de confinamiento / Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Preventive Program for Soccer Female Players During Confinement Periods

Resumen La pandemia por COVID-19 obligó a paralizar el deporte en todo el mundo; por lo tanto, se redujo la carga de trabajo de los deportistas, lo cual, sumado al probable aumento de la densidad competitiva tras el período de confinamiento, resultará en un incremento del riesgo de lesión después del retorno a la competición. A este respecto, la rodilla es una de las zonas con mayor prevalencia de lesión en el fútbol femenino y la lesión del ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) es de las más frecuentes y graves. En consecuencia, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar un plan de prevención de lesión de LCA que pudiera ser llevado a cabo por mujeres futbolistas, durante períodos de confinamiento. Luego de una revisión de la literatura, se ha encontrado que el entrenamiento de fuerza (especialmente de la cadena posterior), el trabajo de la técnica de aterrizajes, así como el de estabilidad lumbopélvica y flexibilidad se asocian con un menor riesgo de lesión de LCA en mujeres. El programa se centra en factores de riesgo modificables, por lo que debe servir como una guía susceptible de adaptaciones, en función de cada contexto: las características individuales, el estado inicial y la evolución del sujeto durante su desarrollo. Por ende, en este estudio se plantea una intervención que pretende disminuir la probabilidad de lesión de LCA en mujeres futbolistas, tras el confinamiento, incidiendo, para ello, de forma directa sobre los mecanismos de lesión de LCA reportados en esta población.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a worldwide sports shutdown, leading to a reduced athletes' workload, which is likely to increase the risk of injury after return to play when coupled with the expected increase in competitive density after the confinement period. In this regard, the knee is one of the joints with the highest injury prevalence among female soccer players, being the injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) one of the most frequent and severe. Thus, the present study aimed to develop an ACL injury prevention program that female soccer players could carry out during confinement periods. After reviewing the scientific literature, it was observed that strength training (with a main focus on the posterior chain), improved landing technique, lumbopelvic stability, and flexibility are associated with a lower risk of ACL injury in women. The program focuses on modifiable risk factors, so it should serve as a guide that can be adapted according to each context: individual characteristics, initial conditions, and evolution of the subject during development. Therefore, this study presents an intervention aiming at reducing the probability of ACL injury in female soccer players, after confinement periods, by directly influencing mechanisms of ACL injury previously reported for female soccer players.

Resumo A pandemia da COVID-19 forçou uma paralização mundial do esporte; portanto, a carga de trabalho dos atletas foi reduzida, o que, juntamente com o provável aumento da densidade competitiva após o período de confinamento, resultará em um risco maior de lesões após o retorno à competição. A esse respeito, o joelho é uma das áreas de lesão mais prevalecentes no futebol feminino e a lesão do ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA) é uma das mais frequentes e graves. Consequentemente, o objetivo do presente estudo é desenvolver um plano de prevenção de lesões do ACL que pode ser implementado por jogadoras de futebol feminino durante os períodos de internação. Após uma revisão da literatura, descobriu-se que o treinamento de força (especialmente da cadeia posterior), a técnica de aterrissagem, assim como o treinamento de estabilidade e flexibilidade lombo pélvica estão associados a um menor risco de lesão do LCA nas mulheres. O programa se concentra em fatores de risco modificáveis, portanto deve servir como um guia que possa ser adaptado de acordo com cada contexto: as características individuais, o estado inicial e a evolução da pessoa durante seu desenvolvimento. Portanto, este estudo propõe uma intervenção que visa reduzir a probabilidade de lesão do ACL em jogadoras de futebol feminino após o confinamento, afetando diretamente os mecanismos de lesão do ACL nelas relatados.

Perspectiva comunicacional de género en la orientación sexual de centros educacionales deportivos santiagueros / Perspectiva de comunicação de género na orientação sexual de centros educativos desportivos em Santiago de Cuba / Communicative approach based on gender towards the sexual orientation in educational sports centers of Santiago de Cuba

Resumen Los seres humanos han aprendido a vivir con la diversidad existente en el mundo, a entenderla y hasta actuar de acuerdo con ella. Sin embargo, todavía cuesta un poco de trabajo razonar sobre aquellas diferencias que tienen que ver con las personas. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en elaborar acciones educativas comunicacionales para brindar tratamiento y orientación pedagógica a las diferencias individuales y la diversidad sexual en atletas del softbol femenino de la EIDE "Orestes Acosta" de Santiago de Cuba. A partir del diagnóstico aplicado a una muestra de 27 atletas del equipo femenino de softbol de la mencionada institución y la observación científica, se pudo conocer las dificultades con la aceptación de la diversidad sexual en entrenamientos, competencias y otras actividades deportivas afines. Para la realización de este estudio se aplicaron métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para el diagnóstico del abordaje de la diversidad sexual como la encuesta, entrevista, test de valoración de grupo (interrelaciones deseadas). Como resultado se ofrece una propuesta didáctica que contempla algunos aspectos educativos a tener en cuenta en el tratamiento con las atletas que poseen diversidad sexual, como son: rasgos de la personalidad de las atletas, niveles de información sexual que se establezcan según la edad del atleta, respeto a su orientación sexual, profundidad en el análisis de la situación de su diversidad sexual, respuesta de la atleta ante el tratamiento brindado, vínculo de la escuela, la familia y la comunidad, necesidad del trabajo interdisciplinar del claustro docente para la adecuada orientación sexual de las atletas.

Resumo Os seres humanos têm aprendido a viver com, compreender e até mesmo agir com a diversidade que existe no mundo. No entanto, ainda é um pouco difícil raciocinar sobre essas diferenças que têm a ver com as pessoas. O objetivo deste estudo é desenvolver ações de comunicação educativa para dar tratamento e orientação pedagógica às diferenças individuais e à diversidade sexual das atletas de softbol feminino no EIDE "Orestes Acosta", em Santiago de Cuba. A partir do diagnóstico aplicado a uma amostra de 27 atletas da equipe feminina de softball da referida instituição e da observação científica, foi possível conhecer as dificuldades com a aceitação da diversidade sexual em treinamentos, competições e outras atividades esportivas afins. Para a realização deste estudo, foram aplicados métodos, técnicas e instrumentos para o diagnóstico da abordagem da diversidade sexual, tais como a pesquisa, entrevista e teste de avaliação em grupo (inter-relações desejadas). Como resultado, é oferecida uma proposta didática que contempla alguns aspectos educacionais a serem considerados no tratamento de atletas com diversidade sexual, tais como: traços de personalidade dos atletas, níveis de informação sexual estabelecidos de acordo com a idade do atleta, respeito à sua orientação sexual, profundidade na análise da situação de sua diversidade sexual, resposta do atleta ao tratamento oferecido, vinculação da escola, família e comunidade, necessidade de trabalho interdisciplinar do corpo docente para a orientação sexual adequada dos atletas.

Abstract Human beings have learned to live with, understand and even act upon the diversity that exists in the world. However, it is still a little difficult to reason about those differences that have to do with people. The objective of this study is to design communicational educational actions to provide treatment and pedagogical orientation to individual differences and sexual diversity in women's softball athletes at the "Orestes Acosta" Initiation Sport School (EIDE in Spanish) in Santiago de Cuba. From the diagnosis applied to a sample of 27 athletes from the women's softball team of the mentioned institution and scientific observation, it was possible to learn about difficulties with the acceptance of sexual diversity in training, competitions, and other related sports activities. To carry out this study, methods, techniques, and instruments were applied for the diagnosis of the approach to sexual diversity such as the survey, interview, and group assessment test (desired interrelationships). As a result, a didactic proposal is offered that contemplates some educational aspects to be taken into account in the treatment of athletes with sexual diversity, such as: personality traits of the athletes, levels of sexual information established according to the age of the athlete, respect for their sexual orientation, depth in the analysis of the situation of their sexual diversity, response of the athlete to the treatment offered, linkage of the school, family and community, need for interdisciplinary work of the teaching staff for the adequate sexual orientation of the athletes.

Propuesta metodológica para la enseñanza del control orientado con la planta de pie en el futsal / Proposta metodológica para o ensino do controlo orientado com a base de pés no futsal / Methodological proposal for the teaching of the control guided with the sole of foot in indoor soccer

Resumen La investigación pretende colocar una herramienta de trabajo para los profesores y entrenadores que enseñan el futsal en la etapa inicial o formativa, específicamente en la edad infantil. El documento describe los elementos más esenciales del movimiento o gesto técnico, pasos metodológicos sencillos a seguir y los errores más comunes que pueden aparecer durante su ejecución. Esta surge por la necesidad de contribuir al proceso de enseñanza del control orientado del balón con la planta de pie en el futsal y describe como objetivo proponer una metodología que contribuya a la enseñanza del control orientado del balón con la planta del pie en el futsal categoría infantil de Holguín. La investigación, además, está basada en la revisión y análisis de investigaciones anteriores, principalmente en el fútbol y adaptadas al futsal, atendiendo a sus características específicas, en la observación directa en los entrenamientos, juegos de la categoría infantil en el municipio Holguín, el procesamiento de entrevistas y encuestas a entrenadores, profesores y practicantes. Por tanto, aporta una opción de enseñanza de la técnica control orientado del balón a niños que se inician en el deporte de futsal que como practicantes sistemáticos podrán aprender esta técnica con mayor facilidad.

Resumo A investigação visa fornecer uma ferramenta para professores e treinadores que ensinam futsal na fase inicial ou formativa, especificamente em crianças. O documento descreve os elementos mais essenciais do movimento ou gesto técnico, os passos metodológicos simples a seguir e os erros mais comuns que podem surgir durante a sua execução. Surge da necessidade de contribuir para o processo de ensino do controlo com a base do pé no futsal e descreve o objectivo de propor uma metodologia que contribua para o ensino do controlo com a base do pé na categoria de futsal infantil de Holguín. A investigação baseia-se também na revisão e análise de pesquisas anteriores, principalmente no futebol e adaptadas ao futsal de acordo com as suas características específicas, na observação direta de sessões de treinamento e jogos da categoria de crianças no município de Holguín, e no processamento de entrevistas e inquéritos a treinadores, professores e praticantes. Por conseguinte, proporciona uma opção de ensino da técnica do controlo da bola às crianças que estão a começar no desporto de Futsal e que, como praticantes sistemáticos, serão capazes de aprender mais facilmente esta técnica.

Abstract The work aims to provide a working tool for teachers and coaches who teach indoor soccer in the initial or training stage, specifically at the child's age. The document describes the most essential elements of the movement or technical gesture, simple methodological steps to follow, and the most common errors that can appear during its execution. The research arises for the need to contribute to the process of teaching the orientated control of the ball with the sole of the foot in indoor soccer and states as objective: To propose a methodology that contributes to the teaching of the orientated control of the ball with the sole of the foot in the indoor soccer infantile category of Holguín. Besides, it is based on the review and analysis of previous researches principally in soccer and adapted to the indoor soccer attending to its specific characteristics, in the direct observation in the trainings and games of the infantile category in the municipality Holguín, as well as, the processing of interviews and surveys to trainers, teachers and practitioners. Therefore, it provides an option for teaching the technique of ball control oriented to children who are initiated in indoor soccer, who as systematic practitioners can learn this technique easier.

Analysis of Landing Error Scoring System during Drop Vertical Jump on Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk Factors in Female Ballet Dancers and Female Soccer Players / 대한스포츠의학회지

The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries among female ballet dancers is much lower than among female soccer players, there is currently little research examining the landing error scoring system (LESS) of female ballet dancers and female soccer players. The purpose of this study was to investigate the LESS during drop vertical jump on ACL injury risk factors in female ballet dancers and female soccer players. Thirteen professional female ballet dancers and elite female soccer players participated in the study. Independent sample t-test was used to compare the LESS score between the groups with Bonferroni collection. The elite female soccer player group showed significantly higher stance width-wide, foot position-toe out, symmetric initial foot contact, overall impression and total LESS score than those of the professional ballet dancers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF FEMALE UNIVERSITY SOCCER PLAYER'S INJURIES IN COMPARISON WITH MALE SOCCER PLAYER / 体力科学

The purpose of this study was to investigate characteristics of past injuries of female university soccer players in comparison with injuries in male university soccer players.<BR>We investigated past injuries of female players (n=32) and male players (n=24) . A past injury was defined as any injury sustained during soccer that required admission to a team doctor, medical attention or absence from practices or games for more than seven days.<BR>The most frequent injury was Joint Injuries in both female and male players. High occurrence of overuse injuries of lower leg was most apparent in the female players. The 32 female players had experienced 144 injuries, or 4.5 injuries per player, and the 24 male players had suffered 85 injuries, or 3.5 injuries per player. The numbers of injuries per player of female players were 1.3 times higher than the male players. Also, the incidence of injury was 0.64 (injury/player/year) in female players, and 0.27 (injury/player/year) in male players. The incidence of injury of female players was significantly larger than that of male players.<BR>We conclude that the prevention and care of overuse injuries in lower leg is very important for female succor players.

Effects of Iron Supplementation on Iron Status and Immunity Status of Elite Female Soccer Players

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of iron supplement for 4 weeks on iron status, immunity, and antioxidant status of national female soccer players (n = 25). This study was performed at summer hard training period right before competition. A single blind design was used to divide the subjects into iron-supplement (IS) or placebo group (P). Iron-supplement group was supplemented with iron (40 mg/d) for 4 weeks. The mean age of the subjects was 23.3 +/- 2.5 years old. Mean height and body weight of the subjects were 164.4 +/- 5.7 em and 57.4 +/- 4.6 kg, respectively. The mean carrier as soccer player was 11.0 +/- 2.6 years and mean training time was 7.0 +/- 1.3 hr/day. The mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, total iron binding capacity and ferritin concentrations before iron supplementation were not different between two groups. After 4 weeks of summer training and iron supplementation, serum ferritin level was significantly increased only in IS group after supplementation. Mean corpuscular volume and total iron binding capacity were significantly decreased in both groups. Meanwhile, hemoglobin and red blood cell count were significantly lowered only in placebo group. The IgM concentration increased significantly in both groups, but IgG concentration had increasing tendency only in IS group (p<0.064). Therefore, iron supplementation during hard training period may be helpful to improve work capacity of the athletes by improving ferritin status and humoral immune responses.